Pithos browser app, phase 1: encryption and S3 signing on Web Crypto

The browser app must read and write the same encrypted files as the
desktop Pithos. web/lib/crypt.js reimplements core/crypt.js on Web
Crypto (AES-SIV and CMAC built from AES-CBC with a zero IV and AES-CTR,
since Web Crypto has neither), and web/lib/sigv4.js the SigV4 signing.
Cross-tests: the RFC 5297 vector, identical drive keys and names, bodies
encrypted on one side and opened on the other (empty, chunk-edge and
multi-chunk files, ranges), tamper and wrong-path rejection, and equal
SigV4 headers and presigned URLs.
This commit is contained in:
Local Dev 2026-10-05 02:14:43 +02:00
parent ab3568a6fb
commit 2eedcb8ff6
3 changed files with 497 additions and 0 deletions

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// The browser app's crypto (web/lib) must match core/ byte for byte: files
// written by the desktop Pithos open in the browser and the other way round.
import test from 'node:test';
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
import crypto from 'node:crypto';
import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
import * as N from '../core/crypt.js';
import { S3Client } from '../core/s3.js';
import * as W from '../web/lib/crypt.js';
import * as WS from '../web/lib/sigv4.js';
const H = (s) => Buffer.from(s.replace(/\s+/g, ''), 'hex');
const collect = async (it) => { const parts = []; for await (const p of it) parts.push(Buffer.from(p)); return Buffer.concat(parts); };
test('AES-SIV matches RFC 5297 A.1 and Node', async () => {
const key = H('fffefdfc fbfaf9f8 f7f6f5f4 f3f2f1f0 f0f1f2f3 f4f5f6f7 f8f9fafb fcfdfeff');
const ad = H('10111213 14151617 18191a1b 1c1d1e1f 20212223 24252627');
const pt = H('11223344 55667788 99aabbcc ddee');
const want = '85632d07c6e8f37f950acd320a2ecc9340c02b9690c4dc04daef7f6afe5c';
assert.equal(Buffer.from(await W.sivEncrypt(new Uint8Array(key), [new Uint8Array(ad)], new Uint8Array(pt))).toString('hex'), want);
assert.equal(N.sivEncrypt(key, [ad], pt).toString('hex'), want);
const bad = Uint8Array.from(H(want)); bad[20] ^= 1;
assert.equal(await W.sivDecrypt(new Uint8Array(key), [new Uint8Array(ad)], bad), null);
for (const len of [0, 1, 15, 16, 17, 31, 32, 33, 100]) {
const m = crypto.randomBytes(len);
assert.equal(Buffer.from(await W.cmac(new Uint8Array(key.subarray(0, 32)), new Uint8Array(m))).toString('hex'), N.cmac(key.subarray(0, 32), m).toString('hex'), `cmac ${len}`);
}
});
test('drive keys and encrypted names are identical, and decrypt across', async () => {
const master = crypto.randomBytes(32);
const n = N.driveKeys(master, 'music-house');
const w = await W.driveKeys(new Uint8Array(master), 'music-house');
assert.equal(Buffer.from(w.name).toString('hex'), n.name.toString('hex'));
assert.equal(Buffer.from(w.body).toString('hex'), n.body.toString('hex'));
for (const p of ['a.mp3', 'photos/2026/Ünïcødé – long name with spaces.jpg', 'folder/', 'x/y/z/']) {
const nk = N.encryptPath(n, p);
assert.equal(await W.encryptPath(w, p), nk, p);
assert.deepEqual(await W.decryptPath(w, nk), { path: p, encrypted: true });
assert.deepEqual(N.decryptPath(n, await W.encryptPath(w, p)), { path: p, encrypted: true });
}
// plain names stay plain, mixed paths say so
assert.deepEqual(await W.decryptPath(w, 'public/readme.txt'), { path: 'public/readme.txt', encrypted: false });
assert.deepEqual(await W.decryptPath(w, '~notours'), { path: '~notours', encrypted: false });
// another drive's names do not open
const other = await W.driveKeys(new Uint8Array(master), 'other');
assert.equal((await W.decryptPath(other, N.encryptPath(n, 'a.mp3'))).encrypted, false);
});
test('file bodies decrypt across, whole and by range', async () => {
const master = crypto.randomBytes(32);
const n = N.driveKeys(master, 'docs');
const w = await W.driveKeys(new Uint8Array(master), 'docs');
const MiB = 1 << 20;
for (const size of [0, 1, 1000, MiB, MiB + 5, Math.floor(2.5 * MiB)]) {
const plain = crypto.randomBytes(size);
const path = `dir/f-${size}.bin`;
// Node encrypts, the browser decrypts (whole file, then a range across a chunk edge)
const { stream, size: csize } = N.encryptBody(n, path, Readable.from([plain]), size);
const cipher = await collect(stream);
assert.equal(cipher.length, csize);
assert.equal(W.cipherSize(size), csize);
assert.equal(W.plainSize(csize), size);
const header = new Uint8Array(cipher.subarray(0, W.HEADER_LEN));
const ctx = await W.bodyContext(w, path, header);
const read = (r) => (i) => new Uint8Array(cipher.subarray(W.HEADER_LEN + i * (ctx.cs + W.TAG_LEN), Math.min(cipher.length, W.HEADER_LEN + (i + 1) * (ctx.cs + W.TAG_LEN))));
const whole = W.cipherRange(cipher.length);
assert.ok((await collect(W.decryptChunks(ctx, whole, read(whole)))).equals(plain), `whole ${size}`);
if (size > MiB) {
const r = W.cipherRange(cipher.length, { start: MiB - 3, end: MiB + 3 });
assert.ok((await collect(W.decryptChunks(ctx, r, read(r)))).equals(plain.subarray(MiB - 3, MiB + 4)), `range ${size}`);
assert.deepEqual(r, N.cipherRange(cipher.length, { start: MiB - 3, end: MiB + 3 }));
}
// the browser encrypts, Node decrypts
const wc = await collect(W.encryptBlob(w, path, new Blob([plain])));
assert.equal(wc.length, csize);
const back = await collect(N.decryptBody(n, path, wc.subarray(0, N.HEADER_LEN), Readable.from([wc.subarray(N.HEADER_LEN)]), N.cipherRange(wc.length)));
assert.ok(back.equals(plain), `browser→node ${size}`);
}
});
test('a body moved to another path or changed does not open', async () => {
const master = crypto.randomBytes(32);
const w = await W.driveKeys(new Uint8Array(master), 'docs');
const c = await collect(W.encryptBlob(w, 'a.txt', new Blob(['hello'])));
const header = new Uint8Array(c.subarray(0, W.HEADER_LEN));
const sealed = new Uint8Array(c.subarray(W.HEADER_LEN));
await assert.rejects(W.openChunk(await W.bodyContext(w, 'b.txt', header), 0, true, sealed));
const flipped = Uint8Array.from(sealed); flipped[0] ^= 1;
await assert.rejects(W.openChunk(await W.bodyContext(w, 'a.txt', header), 0, true, flipped));
assert.equal(Buffer.from(await W.openChunk(await W.bodyContext(w, 'a.txt', header), 0, true, sealed)).toString(), 'hello');
});
test('SigV4 headers and presigned URLs match core/s3.js', async () => {
const creds = { accessKeyId: 'AKIDEXAMPLE1234', secretKey: 'wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG+bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY' };
const node = new S3Client({ endpoint: 'https://pithos.silentmode.st', ...creds });
const now = '20261005T120000Z';
const query = { 'list-type': '2', prefix: '~abc/', delimiter: '/', 'max-keys': '1000' };
const n = node.sign('GET', '/my-drive', query, { range: 'bytes=0-99' }, { now });
const w = await WS.sign({ host: 'pithos.silentmode.st', ...creds }, 'GET', '/my-drive', query, { range: 'bytes=0-99' }, { now });
assert.deepEqual(w, n);
assert.equal(WS.objectPath('b', 'a dir/ä+b.txt'), '/b/a%20dir/%C3%A4%2Bb.txt');
assert.equal(
await WS.presign({ origin: 'https://pithos.silentmode.st', host: 'pithos.silentmode.st', ...creds }, 'b', 'x/y.mp3', 600, now),
node.presign('b', 'x/y.mp3', 600, undefined, now));
});

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// The browser side of core/crypt.js: the same formats, byte for byte, on Web
// Crypto (so this file also runs under Node's test runner). See core/crypt.js
// for the design; only what differs is explained here.
//
// Web Crypto has no AES-ECB, CMAC or AES-SIV. One-block ECB and CMAC come from
// AES-CBC with a zero IV (Web Crypto adds a PKCS#7 block at the end, which is
// dropped); SIV's counter mode is AES-CTR over the full 128-bit block, as
// Node's aes-ctr does.
const subtle = globalThis.crypto.subtle;
const enc = new TextEncoder();
const dec = new TextDecoder('utf-8', { fatal: true });
export const HEADER_LEN = 24;
export const TAG_LEN = 16;
const MAGIC = [0x50, 0x54, 0x45, 0x31]; // "PTE1"
const LOG2_CHUNK = 20; // 1 MiB
const ZERO = new Uint8Array(16);
const u8 = (x) => (x instanceof Uint8Array ? x : new Uint8Array(x));
export const utf8 = (s) => enc.encode(s);
export function concat(...parts) {
const out = new Uint8Array(parts.reduce((n, p) => n + p.length, 0));
let o = 0;
for (const p of parts) { out.set(p, o); o += p.length; }
return out;
}
// ---- keys as CryptoKeys, cached per raw key ----------------------------------
const keyCache = new Map();
async function importKey(raw, alg, usages) {
const id = `${alg}:${b64u(raw)}`;
let k = keyCache.get(id);
if (!k) {
k = await subtle.importKey('raw', raw, alg, false, usages);
if (keyCache.size > 256) keyCache.clear();
keyCache.set(id, k);
}
return k;
}
// ---- AES-SIV (RFC 5297), AES-CMAC (RFC 4493) ---------------------------------
async function cbc(key, data) {
const out = u8(await subtle.encrypt({ name: 'AES-CBC', iv: ZERO }, await importKey(key, 'AES-CBC', ['encrypt']), data));
return out.subarray(0, data.length); // drop the PKCS#7 block
}
function dbl(b) {
const out = new Uint8Array(16);
let carry = 0;
for (let i = 15; i >= 0; i--) {
out[i] = ((b[i] << 1) | carry) & 0xff;
carry = b[i] >> 7;
}
if (b[0] & 0x80) out[15] ^= 0x87;
return out;
}
function xor(a, b) {
const out = new Uint8Array(a.length);
for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) out[i] = a[i] ^ b[i];
return out;
}
export async function cmac(key, msg) {
const k1 = dbl(await cbc(key, ZERO));
const k2 = dbl(k1);
const n = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(msg.length / 16));
const complete = msg.length > 0 && msg.length % 16 === 0;
const last = new Uint8Array(16);
last.set(msg.subarray((n - 1) * 16));
if (!complete) last[msg.length - (n - 1) * 16] = 0x80;
const m = concat(msg.subarray(0, (n - 1) * 16), xor(last, complete ? k1 : k2));
const out = await cbc(key, m);
return out.subarray(out.length - 16);
}
async function s2v(key, ads, plain) {
let d = await cmac(key, ZERO);
for (const ad of ads) d = xor(dbl(d), await cmac(key, ad));
let t;
if (plain.length >= 16) {
t = Uint8Array.from(plain);
const tail = t.length - 16;
for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) t[tail + i] ^= d[i];
} else {
const padded = new Uint8Array(16);
padded.set(plain);
padded[plain.length] = 0x80;
t = xor(dbl(d), padded);
}
return cmac(key, t);
}
async function sivCtr(key, v, data) {
const q = Uint8Array.from(v);
q[8] &= 0x7f;
q[12] &= 0x7f;
return u8(await subtle.encrypt({ name: 'AES-CTR', counter: q, length: 128 }, await importKey(key, 'AES-CTR', ['encrypt']), data));
}
function equal(a, b) {
if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
let d = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) d |= a[i] ^ b[i];
return d === 0;
}
// key: 32, 48 or 64 bytes (two AES keys). Returns tag || ciphertext.
export async function sivEncrypt(key, ads, plain) {
const half = key.length / 2;
const v = await s2v(key.subarray(0, half), ads, plain);
return concat(v, await sivCtr(key.subarray(half), v, plain));
}
// The plaintext, or null when the tag does not match.
export async function sivDecrypt(key, ads, data) {
if (data.length < 16) return null;
const half = key.length / 2;
const v = data.subarray(0, 16);
const plain = await sivCtr(key.subarray(half), v, data.subarray(16));
return equal(await s2v(key.subarray(0, half), ads, plain), v) ? plain : null;
}
// ---- keys ------------------------------------------------------------------------
export async function hkdf(ikm, salt, info, len) {
const k = await subtle.importKey('raw', ikm, 'HKDF', false, ['deriveBits']);
return u8(await subtle.deriveBits({ name: 'HKDF', hash: 'SHA-256', salt, info: utf8(info) }, k, len * 8));
}
export async function driveKeys(master, bucket) {
if (!(master instanceof Uint8Array) || master.length !== 32) throw new Error('the encryption key must be 32 bytes');
const okm = await hkdf(master, new Uint8Array(0), `pithos/drive/v1/${bucket}`, 96);
return { bucket, name: okm.subarray(0, 64), body: okm.subarray(64) };
}
// ---- names -----------------------------------------------------------------------
export function b64u(bytes) {
let s = '';
for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 0x8000) s += String.fromCharCode(...bytes.subarray(i, i + 0x8000));
return btoa(s).replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_').replace(/=+$/, '');
}
export function unb64u(s) {
if (!/^[A-Za-z0-9_-]*$/.test(s)) return null;
const pad = s.length % 4 === 2 ? '==' : s.length % 4 === 3 ? '=' : s.length % 4 === 1 ? null : '';
if (pad == null) return null;
try { return Uint8Array.from(atob(s.replace(/-/g, '+').replace(/_/g, '/') + pad), (c) => c.charCodeAt(0)); } catch { return null; }
}
const segmentAds = (dk, parent) => [utf8(dk.bucket), utf8(parent)];
export async function encryptSegment(dk, parent, seg) {
return '~' + b64u(await sivEncrypt(dk.name, segmentAds(dk, parent), utf8(seg)));
}
// null when the segment is not one of ours (a plain name).
export async function decryptSegment(dk, parent, seg) {
if (!seg.startsWith('~') || seg.length < 23) return null;
const raw = unb64u(seg.slice(1));
if (!raw || b64u(raw) !== seg.slice(1)) return null;
const p = await sivDecrypt(dk.name, segmentAds(dk, parent), raw);
if (!p) return null;
try { return dec.decode(p); } catch { return null; }
}
export async function encryptPath(dk, plain) {
if (!plain) return '';
const folder = plain.endsWith('/');
const segs = (folder ? plain.slice(0, -1) : plain).split('/');
const out = [];
let parent = '';
for (const s of segs) {
if (!s) throw new Error('empty folder names are not supported in encrypted drives');
out.push(await encryptSegment(dk, parent, s));
parent += s + '/';
}
const key = out.join('/') + (folder ? '/' : '');
if (utf8(key).length > 1024) throw new Error('this name is too long once encrypted (S3 allows 1024 bytes)');
return key;
}
// { path, encrypted }: encrypted only if every segment was ours.
export async function decryptPath(dk, key) {
if (!key) return { path: '', encrypted: false };
const folder = key.endsWith('/');
const segs = (folder ? key.slice(0, -1) : key).split('/');
const out = [];
let parent = '';
let all = true;
for (const s of segs) {
const d = await decryptSegment(dk, parent, s);
if (d == null) all = false;
const plain = d ?? s;
out.push(plain);
parent += plain + '/';
}
return { path: out.join('/') + (folder ? '/' : ''), encrypted: all };
}
// ---- bodies ------------------------------------------------------------------------
export const chunkSize = (log2 = LOG2_CHUNK) => 2 ** log2;
export function cipherSize(plainSize, cs = chunkSize()) {
return HEADER_LEN + plainSize + Math.max(1, Math.ceil(plainSize / cs)) * TAG_LEN;
}
export function plainSize(cipherSizeBytes, cs = chunkSize()) {
const c = cipherSizeBytes - HEADER_LEN;
if (c < TAG_LEN) return null;
const chunks = Math.ceil(c / (cs + TAG_LEN));
const p = c - chunks * TAG_LEN;
return p >= 0 && cipherSize(p, cs) === cipherSizeBytes ? p : null;
}
export function isEncryptedHeader(buf) {
return buf.length >= HEADER_LEN && MAGIC.every((b, i) => buf[i] === b);
}
export function parseHeader(header) {
if (!isEncryptedHeader(header)) throw new Error('not an encrypted Pithos file');
const log2 = header[20];
if (log2 < 12 || log2 > 24) throw new Error('unsupported chunk size in an encrypted file');
return { salt: header.subarray(4, 20), cs: 2 ** log2 };
}
export function newHeader() {
const h = new Uint8Array(HEADER_LEN);
h.set(MAGIC);
h.set(globalThis.crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16)), 4);
h[20] = LOG2_CHUNK;
return h;
}
// What sealing or opening one file's chunks needs.
export async function bodyContext(dk, plainPath, header) {
const { salt, cs } = parseHeader(header);
const raw = await hkdf(dk.body, salt, 'pithos/body/v1', 32);
const key = await subtle.importKey('raw', raw, 'AES-GCM', false, ['encrypt', 'decrypt']);
return { key, cs, ad: concat(header, utf8(dk.bucket + '\0' + plainPath)) };
}
function nonce(i, last) {
const n = new Uint8Array(12);
new DataView(n.buffer).setBigUint64(0, BigInt(i));
n[8] = last ? 1 : 0;
return n;
}
export async function sealChunk(ctx, i, last, piece) {
return u8(await subtle.encrypt({ name: 'AES-GCM', iv: nonce(i, last), additionalData: ctx.ad, tagLength: 128 }, ctx.key, piece));
}
export async function openChunk(ctx, i, last, sealed) {
try {
return u8(await subtle.decrypt({ name: 'AES-GCM', iv: nonce(i, last), additionalData: ctx.ad, tagLength: 128 }, ctx.key, sealed));
} catch {
throw new Error('this file was changed on the server or belongs to another drive or key');
}
}
// Encrypts a Blob/File (or bytes) chunk by chunk without holding it whole:
// yields the header, then each sealed chunk. Total = cipherSize(size).
export async function* encryptBlob(dk, plainPath, blob) {
const src = blob instanceof Uint8Array ? new Blob([blob]) : blob;
const header = newHeader();
const ctx = await bodyContext(dk, plainPath, header);
const chunks = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(src.size / ctx.cs));
yield header;
for (let i = 0; i < chunks; i++) {
const piece = u8(await src.slice(i * ctx.cs, (i + 1) * ctx.cs).arrayBuffer());
yield await sealChunk(ctx, i, i === chunks - 1, piece);
}
}
// What to fetch for a plaintext range [start, end] of a cipherLen-byte file.
export function cipherRange(cipherLen, range, cs = chunkSize()) {
const plain = plainSize(cipherLen, cs);
if (plain == null) throw new Error('not an encrypted Pithos file (size does not match)');
const chunks = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(plain / cs));
let start = 0;
let end = plain - 1;
if (range) {
start = range.start;
end = Math.min(range.end ?? plain - 1, plain - 1);
if (start > end || start >= plain) return { plain, unsatisfiable: true };
}
const first = plain ? Math.floor(start / cs) : 0;
const lastChunk = plain ? Math.floor(end / cs) : 0;
return {
plain, start, end, chunks, first, lastChunk,
from: HEADER_LEN + first * (cs + TAG_LEN),
to: Math.min(cipherLen - 1, HEADER_LEN + (lastChunk + 1) * (cs + TAG_LEN) - 1),
};
}
// Opens chunks r.first..r.lastChunk read from `readChunk(i)` (which returns the
// sealed bytes of chunk i) and yields only plaintext bytes r.start..r.end.
export async function* decryptChunks(ctx, r, readChunk) {
for (let i = r.first; i <= r.lastChunk; i++) {
const plain = await openChunk(ctx, i, i === r.chunks - 1, await readChunk(i));
const base = i * ctx.cs;
const a = Math.max(0, r.start - base);
const b = Math.min(plain.length, r.end - base + 1);
if (b > a) yield plain.subarray(a, b);
}
}

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// AWS SigV4 for the browser app: the same canonical form as core/s3.js
// (path-style, us-east-1, UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD for bodies), on Web Crypto.
// Browsers set Host themselves, so it is signed but not returned.
const subtle = globalThis.crypto.subtle;
const enc = new TextEncoder();
export const REGION = 'us-east-1';
export const SERVICE = 's3';
const hex = (b) => Array.from(new Uint8Array(b), (x) => x.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')).join('');
const sha256 = async (s) => hex(await subtle.digest('SHA-256', typeof s === 'string' ? enc.encode(s) : s));
async function hmac(key, msg) {
const k = await subtle.importKey('raw', typeof key === 'string' ? enc.encode(key) : key, { name: 'HMAC', hash: 'SHA-256' }, false, ['sign']);
return new Uint8Array(await subtle.sign('HMAC', k, enc.encode(msg)));
}
export function uriEncode(str, keepSlash) {
const out = encodeURIComponent(str).replace(/[!'()*]/g, (c) => '%' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toUpperCase());
return keepSlash ? out.replace(/%2F/g, '/') : out;
}
export function canonicalQuery(query) {
return Object.keys(query).sort().map((k) => `${uriEncode(k)}=${uriEncode(String(query[k] ?? ''))}`).join('&');
}
export const amzDate = (d = new Date()) => d.toISOString().replace(/[-:]/g, '').replace(/\.\d{3}/, '');
export function objectPath(bucket, key) {
return '/' + uriEncode(bucket) + (key != null ? '/' + uriEncode(key, true) : '');
}
const signingKeys = new Map();
async function signingKey(secret, date) {
const id = `${date}:${secret}`;
let k = signingKeys.get(id);
if (!k) {
k = await hmac(await hmac(await hmac(await hmac('AWS4' + secret, date), REGION), SERVICE), 'aws4_request');
signingKeys.clear();
signingKeys.set(id, k);
}
return k;
}
// Headers to send (lower-case, without host) for a signed request.
export async function sign({ host, accessKeyId, secretKey }, method, path, query = {}, headers = {}, { now = amzDate(), payloadHash = 'UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD' } = {}) {
const date = now.slice(0, 8);
const h = { ...headers, host, 'x-amz-date': now, 'x-amz-content-sha256': payloadHash };
const lower = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(h).map(([k, v]) => [k.toLowerCase(), String(v).trim()]));
const names = Object.keys(lower).sort();
const signed = names.join(';');
const canonical = [method, path, canonicalQuery(query), names.map((n) => `${n}:${lower[n]}\n`).join(''), signed, payloadHash].join('\n');
const scope = `${date}/${REGION}/${SERVICE}/aws4_request`;
const toSign = ['AWS4-HMAC-SHA256', now, scope, await sha256(canonical)].join('\n');
const sig = hex(await hmac(await signingKey(secretKey, date), toSign));
lower.authorization = `AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=${accessKeyId}/${scope}, SignedHeaders=${signed}, Signature=${sig}`;
delete lower.host;
return lower;
}
// A presigned GET (for <audio>/<video>/<img> sources and downloads).
export async function presign({ origin, host, accessKeyId, secretKey }, bucket, key, expiresSec = 3600, now = amzDate()) {
const date = now.slice(0, 8);
const scope = `${date}/${REGION}/${SERVICE}/aws4_request`;
const path = objectPath(bucket, key);
const query = {
'X-Amz-Algorithm': 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256',
'X-Amz-Credential': `${accessKeyId}/${scope}`,
'X-Amz-Date': now,
'X-Amz-Expires': String(Math.min(Math.max(1, expiresSec | 0), 604800)),
'X-Amz-SignedHeaders': 'host',
};
const canonical = ['GET', path, canonicalQuery(query), `host:${host}\n`, 'host', 'UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD'].join('\n');
const toSign = ['AWS4-HMAC-SHA256', now, scope, await sha256(canonical)].join('\n');
query['X-Amz-Signature'] = hex(await hmac(await signingKey(secretKey, date), toSign));
return `${origin}${path}?${canonicalQuery(query)}`;
}