diff --git a/bundled-addons/translate/addon.json b/bundled-addons/translate/addon.json
index e25c98a9..4e6e65c8 100644
--- a/bundled-addons/translate/addon.json
+++ b/bundled-addons/translate/addon.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "translate",
   "name": "Translate",
-  "version": "0.1.4",
+  "version": "0.1.5",
   "description": "Right-click a selection to translate it. Sidebar panel with LibreTranslate or Google as the backend.",
   "author": "Silent Mode",
   "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,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",
diff --git a/bundled-addons/translate/panel.html b/bundled-addons/translate/panel.html
index 0d909fa6..503fd742 100644
--- a/bundled-addons/translate/panel.html
+++ b/bundled-addons/translate/panel.html
@@ -186,14 +186,53 @@
     ["sv","Swedish"],["th","Thai"],["tr","Turkish"],["uk","Ukrainian"],
     ["vi","Vietnamese"],["zh","Chinese"],
   ];
+  const LANG_NAME = new Map(LANGS);
+
+  // Most-used languages, pinned above the full list. Ranked by use count and
+  // capped at RECENT_MAX so the group stays a shortcut rather than a second
+  // copy of the alphabet. "auto" is excluded — it is already the first row of
+  // the source select and is not a language anyone is "choosing".
+  const RECENT_MAX = 10;
+  function noteLangUse(code) {
+    if (!code || code === "auto") return;
+    const r = uiState.recent || (uiState.recent = {});
+    r[code] = (r[code] || 0) + 1;
+  }
+  function topLangs() {
+    const r = uiState.recent || {};
+    return Object.entries(r)
+      .filter(([c]) => LANG_NAME.has(c))
+      .sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1] || LANG_NAME.get(a[0]).localeCompare(LANG_NAME.get(b[0])))
+      .slice(0, RECENT_MAX)
+      .map(([c]) => c);
+  }
   function fillSelect(el, includeAuto) {
+    const keep = el.value;
     el.innerHTML = "";
     if (includeAuto) el.appendChild(new Option("Auto-detect", "auto"));
-    for (const [code, label] of LANGS) el.appendChild(new Option(label, code));
+    const top = topLangs();
+    if (top.length) {
+      const g = document.createElement("optgroup");
+      g.label = "Frequently used";
+      for (const c of top) g.appendChild(new Option(LANG_NAME.get(c), c));
+      el.appendChild(g);
+      const all = document.createElement("optgroup");
+      all.label = "All languages";
+      for (const [code, label] of LANGS) all.appendChild(new Option(label, code));
+      el.appendChild(all);
+    } else {
+      for (const [code, label] of LANGS) el.appendChild(new Option(label, code));
+    }
+    // A code appears twice once it is in the pinned group; assigning the value
+    // selects the first match, which is the pinned one. That is what we want.
+    if (keep) el.value = keep;
+  }
+  function refillLangSelects() {
+    const s = srcSel.value, t = tgtSel.value;
+    fillSelect(srcSel, true);
+    fillSelect(tgtSel, false);
+    srcSel.value = s; tgtSel.value = t;
   }
-  fillSelect(srcSel, true);
-  fillSelect(tgtSel, false);
-
   // Default target = user's browser language, falling back to English.
   const browserLang = (navigator.language || "en").split("-")[0].toLowerCase();
   const defaultTarget = LANGS.some(([c]) => c === browserLang) && browserLang !== "en" ? browserLang : "en";
@@ -205,7 +244,12 @@
   // current working default so the panel isn't broken out of the box.
   const DEAD_LT_URLS = new Set(["https://translate.argosopentech.com"]);
   const settingsState = { backend: "libretranslate", ltUrl: DEFAULT_LT_URL, ltKey: "" };
-  const uiState = { src: "auto", tgt: defaultTarget, zoom: 100 };
+  const uiState = { src: "auto", tgt: defaultTarget, zoom: 100, recent: {} };
+
+  // Populate the selects now that uiState exists — fillSelect reads the
+  // frequency table to build the pinned group, so it cannot run before this.
+  fillSelect(srcSel, true);
+  fillSelect(tgtSel, false);
 
   // ---- text zoom ---------------------------------------------------------
   // Percent of the 15px base, clamped so the panes stay usable at either end.
@@ -233,6 +277,9 @@
       settingsState.ltUrl = DEFAULT_LT_URL;
       if (S) try { await S.set("settings", settingsState); } catch {}
     }
+    // Saved counts arrived, so the pinned group can be built for real.
+    if (!uiState.recent || typeof uiState.recent !== "object") uiState.recent = {};
+    refillLangSelects();
     backendSel.value = settingsState.backend;
     ltUrl.value = settingsState.ltUrl;
     ltKey.value = settingsState.ltKey;
@@ -294,6 +341,14 @@
       out.textContent = res.text || "(empty response)";
       const via = res.via || settingsState.backend;
       setStatus(res.detected ? `${via} · detected ${res.detected}` : via, "ok");
+      // Count only translations that actually landed. Counting on every
+      // dropdown change would rank languages the user skimmed past as highly
+      // as the ones they work in. A detected source counts as used too — it
+      // is a language they read, even though they never picked it.
+      const before = topLangs().join(",");
+      noteLangUse(target);
+      noteLangUse(source === "auto" ? res.detected : source);
+      if (topLangs().join(",") !== before) refillLangSelects();
     } catch (e) {
       out.textContent = "";
       out.classList.add("empty");